METHODS FOR RAPID DETECTION OF POLLUTANTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/2218-930032025348693Keywords:
aquatic environment monitoring, ammonium, analysis methods, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, nitrites, water quality indicatorsAbstract
Global changes in geopolitics and economics, directly or indirectly, significantly affect the state of the environment, in particular, water resources. In addition to the mining and energy industry, the chemical industry and agriculture, significant changes in the ecological state of the environment are caused by man-made accidents and military conflicts, which lead to uncontrolled emissions of a large number of pollutants into the air, soil and water environment. While air pollution is instantaneous and noticeable, water pollution is characterized by a more “delayed effect” due to the dilution of pollutants, absorption by plants and accumulation in bottom silt deposits, which increases the duration of the negative impact and over time can lead to repeated pollution of the environment (for example, due to the shallowing of surface water sources). Monitoring of the aquatic environment has its own characteristics compared to the implementation of air monitoring and can include both the determination of the content of dissolved gases (for example, dissolved oxygen), and the determination of the content of various ionic and molecular forms. The latter is especially important if these compounds are formed as a result of the ingress of toxic compounds into the water (including those of military origin – fuel, combustion products of explosives), and therefore can serve as a kind of markers for taking immediate action to eliminate man-made threats. The development of methods for determining dissolved gases and soluble nitrogen compounds – ammonium, nitrites and nitrates – is aimed not only at increasing sensitivity, but also at expanding functionality in real-world conditions. Modern methods for directly determining dissolved substances in water, which allow for real-time monitoring, and which involve the use of sensor systems, remote sensing using non-contact methods and the so-called Internet of Things, are analyzed.
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