DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHATE CONTENT IN WATER USING ORGANIC CHROMOGENIC COMPOUNDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/2218-930012025341763Keywords:
aquatic environment, chromazurol S, indicator system, phosphate, water pollutionAbstract
Phosphorus compounds are introduced into natural waters in significant quantities as a result of anthropogenic activities. Agriculture and inadequate wastewater treatment are the main sources of phosphorus compounds. Increased levels of phosphorus compounds in water bodies lead to unbalanced eutrophication and significant changes in ecosystems. Therefore, monitoring phosphate levels is very important for maintaining the normal state of aquatic ecosystems. Spectrophotometry is one of the most widely used methods for measuring phosphate concentration. In the article, we reviewed existing spectrophotometric methods for determining the phosphate content in water and proposed a new method based on the use of a complex of metal indicators with metals. The principle of the method is based on the change of the metal complex with the metal indicator as a result of interaction with phosphate ions. Phosphate ions bind cations of metals such as zirconyl, since its phosphates have a very low solubility. The indicator released as a result of the destruction of the complex has a different color than the complex with a zirconyl cation. We experimentally tested the feasibility of using such metal indicators as chromazurol S, 8-oxyquinoline, arsenazo I, arsenazo III. The highest efficiency was demonstrated by the complex of chromazurol S with zirconyl ions, which is reflected in a clear change in color from purple to shades of crimson, red and orange for different phosphate concentrations. In the indicator system, we used a solution of chromazurol S with a concentration of 0.005 M and a solution of zirconyl nitrate with a concentration of 0.01 M. The ratio of the volumes of the solutions is 1:1. The proposed method of determination requires a significantly smaller amount of reagents than molybdate method.
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