POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF TIO2/NATURAL ZEOLITE COMPOSITES FOR DYE REMOVAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/2218-930012024314044Keywords:
acid activation, composite materials, dye photodegradation, natural zeolite, photocatalysis, TiO2 nanoparticlesAbstract
Water pollution by organic dyes is a critical environmental issue that requires innovative and effective solutions. Photocatalytic materials based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) can effectively degrade these pollutants; however, their use in suspension form has several drawbacks, such as the difficulty of separation and limited reusability. To overcome these limitations, the use of composites is promising, as they simplify the separation of TiO2 after the reaction. The aim of this study is to modify natural Ukrainian zeolite and its acid-activated form with TiO2 nanoparticles and to determine their photocatalytic activity towards anionic dyes. TiO2/zeolite composites were synthesized by depositing titanium (IV) oxide nanoparticles onto natural zeolite and its acid-activated form, followed by thermal treatment at 500 °C. Characterization of the composites showed that the acid-activated composite achieved a specific surface area of 173.8 m²/g compared to 34.5 m²/g for the natural composite. The photocatalytic activity of the composites was evaluated by the degradation of the anionic dye Congo Red (10 mg/L) under ultraviolet irradiation. The results showed that the acid-activated zeolite modified with TiO2 nanoparticles achieved a Congo Red degradation efficiency of 65.6% after 30 minutes of ultraviolet exposure, which is 12% higher compared to the natural zeolite modified with TiO2 under the same conditions. The adsorption efficiency for Congo Red was 33.8%. This indicates that the composite not only facilitates the photocatalytic degradation of the dye but also contributes to its adsorption, enhancing the overall removal efficiency. Thus, the use of inexpensive natural zeolite as a TiO2 carrier, especially in its acid-activated form, not only simplifies the subsequent separation of the photocatalyst from the purified water but also maintains the photocatalytic efficiency in degrading anionic dyes. The enhanced surface properties and structural characteristics of the acid-activated composite make it highly effective for practical applications. This makes such composites promising candidates for application in industrial wastewater treatment systems, where economic feasibility, operational simplicity, and environmental safety are primary criteria.
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