EXPERIMENTAL SCALING POTENTIAL OF HEATED WATER

Authors

  • Serhii Kontsevoi National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4523-2273
  • Andrii Kontsevoi National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-416X
  • Oleksandr Khokhotva National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20535/2218-930012022257463

Keywords:

bicarbonate ions decomposition, carbonate index, changing the pH, heated water, scale prevention, the LSI alternative

Abstract

The previously proposed mechanism of bicarbonate ions decomposition by the H-mechanism (with the formation of H+ and CO32-) or OH-mechanism (with the formation of OH- and CO2) is confirmed experimentally without and with heating water up to 190oC. The change decomposition mechanism depends on hardness, alkalinity and pH.  The H-mechanism is observed at higher pH values (pH decreases) and the OH-mechanism is observed at lower values (pH increases) in particular solutions.

The developed technique is based on the measurement of changing the pH (ΔрНt) of the solution (at a fixed temperature of 15 to 25oC) after heating it to a given temperature (ranging from 40 to 190oC) and maintaining this temperature for at least 30 minutes. A decrease in the pH of the water after heating (ΔрНt>0) indicates the formation of carbonate ions and the need for additional water treatment to reduce the hardness, alkalinity or pH. The greater the ΔрНt, the greater the concentration of carbonate ions formed in water. If ΔрНt is zero then this temperature can be used as a water quality index. This temperature is 86.4oC for tap water in Kyiv (pH 7.4). Measurement of ΔрН in water meeting standards for water in German heating supply systems (pH 9.06, Hardness 45 μmol/dm3 - 5 times less than in Ukraine) shows that such water is not scale-safe (ΔрН150=0.15).

The proposed technique will be able to replace the Langelier index (up to 90oC) and the carbonate index (up to 190oC) under the condition of systematic processing of experimental data obtained for the water of different compositions on its basis. This method can be used in addition to the expensive experimental method of dynamic tube blocking.

References

Berce, J.; Zupančič, M.; Može, M.; Golobič, I. A Review of Crystallization Fouling in Heat Exchangers. Processes 2021, 9, 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081356

Kontsevoi A. L.; Kontsevoi S. A. Unified water chemistry for circulation heat-transfer systems. Therm. Eng. 2006, 53, 639-643. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601506080106

Skoczko, I.; Szatyłowicz, E. Experiments on Water Stabilization. Proceedings 2019, 16, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019016003

Wang, Q.; Liang, F.; Al-Nasser, W.; Al-Dawood, F.; Al-Shafai, T.; Al-Badairy, H.; Shen, S.; Al-Ajwad, H. Laboratory study on efficiency of three calcium carbonate scale inhibitors in the presence of EOR chemicals. Petroleum, 2018, 4 (4), 375-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2018.03.003

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Published

2022-06-27

Issue

Vol. 32 No. 1 (2022)

Section

INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT

License

Copyright (c) 2022 S. A. Kontsevoi, A. L. Kontsevoi, O. P. Khokhotva

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