ADSORPTION OF 4-CHLORPHENOL BY BROWN COAL ACTIVATED BY POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/2218-930012021233672Keywords:
activated carbon, adsorption, alkaline activation, brown coal, porous structure, 4-chlorophenolAbstract
The purpose of work is to evaluate the 4-chlorophenol (CP) adsorption capacity of brown coal activated carbons (ACs) prepared at different temperature of KOH activation. ACs were obtained in three stages: 1) impregnation of coal with a KOH solution, 2) heating (4 deg/min) in argon to a given temperature t (400-800°C) and exposure for 1 h, 3) cooling, washing from KOH, drying. The samples are designated as AC(t). Based on the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, the ACs total pore volume (Vt, cm3/g) and specific surface area (S, m2/g) were determined. The ACs adsorption capacity were measured at 25°С, CP concentration ≤700 mg/L, АC dosage – 1 g/L.
The alkaline activation temperature was found to be a key factor in forming porosity of ACs and ability to adsorb CP. The CP maximum capacity (ACP(m), mg/g) increases 6.6 times up to 307 mg/g for AC(800) having S=1142 m2/g. The specific adsorption capacity (ACP(S) = ACP(m)/S, mg/m2) sharply decreases in a sample range from AC(400) to AC(550) and weakly depends on temperature at 550-800°C. The kinetics of CP adsorption is best described by a pseudo-second order model. The rate determining stage is the interaction of CP molecules with AC surface. The CP adsorption isotherms are best described by the Langmuir model.
The dependence of the ACP(m) from S can be approximated by three linear equations that probably correspond to the three regions of forming surface adsorbtion centers (AdCs). The first (S≤370 m2/g) is characterized by a small adsorption capacity increment (kS=0.103 mg/m2), but a significant (16.4 times) decrease in the specific capacity ACP(S). In the second region (S=370-770 m2/g, t=550-750°C), capacity increment is 10 times more (kS=0.985 mg/m2) and in the third region (S≥770 m2/g, t≥750°C) the increase in CP capacity is the smallest (kS=0.067 mg/m2). The thermoinitiated formation of AdCs is assumed to be not proportional to the increase in surface area, and their chemical structure and reactivity is determined by the alkaline activation temperature.
References
Ahmed, M.J.; Theydan, S.K. “Adsorption of p-chlorophenol onto microporous activated carbon from Albizia lebbeck seed pods by one-step microwave assisted activation”. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis., 2013, 100, 253-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.01.008
Chen, C.; Geng, X.; Huang, W. “Adsorption of 4-chlorophenol and aniline by nanosized activated carbons”. Chem. Eng. J., 2017, 327, 941-952. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.06.183
Czaplicka, M. “Sources and transformations of chlorophenols in the natural environment”. Sci. Total Environ., 2004, 322(1–3), 21-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.015
Ding, H.; Li, X.; Wang, J.; Zhang, X.; Chen C. “Adsorption of chlorophenols from aqueous solutions by pristine and surface functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes”. J. Environ. Sci., 2016, 43, 187-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.09.004
Fedorova, N.I.; Manina, T.S.; Ismagilov, Z.R.; “Adsorption of phenol by carbon sorbents based on oxidized coals”. Solid Fuel Chemistry, 2015, 49(1), 30-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0361521915010048
Hameed, B.H.; Chin, L.H.; Rengaraj, S. “Adsorption of 4-chlorophenol onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust”. Desalination, 2008, 225(1–3), 185-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.095
Ho, Y.; McKay, G. “Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes”. Process Biochem., 1999, 34(5), 451–465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5
Jagiello, J.; Olivier, J.P. “2D-NLDFT adsorption models for carbon slit-shaped pores with surface energetical heterogeneity and geometrical corrugation”. Carbon, 2013, 55, P. 70-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.12.011
Khamizov, R.Kh. “A pseudo-second order kinetic equation for sorption processes”. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A., 2020, 94(1), 171-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024420010148
Kucherenko, V.A.; Shendrik, T.G.; Tamarkina, Yu.V.; Mysyk R.D. “Nanoporosity development in the thermal-shock KOH activation of brown coal”. Carbon, 2010, 48(15), 4556–4558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.07.027
Kucherenko, V.O.; Tamarkina, Yu.V.; Rayenko, G.F. “Potassium hydroxide influence on the structure and surface area development of brown coal under alkali activation”. Himiya, Fizika ta Tehnologiya Poverhni, 2017, 8(2), 133-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp08.02.133
Li, J.-M.; Meng, X.-G.; Hu, C.-W.; Du J. “Adsorption of phenol, p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol onto functional chitosan”. Bioresour. Technol., 2009, 100(3), 1168-1173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.015
Lin, S.-H.; Juang, R.-S. “Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: A review”. J. Environ. Manage., 2009, 90(3), 1336-1349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.09.003
Lorenc-Grabowska, E.; Gryglewicz, G.; Machnikowski, J.; “p-Chlorophenol adsorption on activated carbons with basic surface properties”. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2010, 256(14), 4480-4487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.01.078
Monsalvo, V.M.; Mohedano, A.F.; Rodriguez, J.J. “Activated carbons from sewage sludge: Application to aqueous-phase adsorption of 4-chlorophenol”. Desalination, 2011, 277(1-3). 377-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.04.059
Moussout, H.; Ahlafi, H.; Aazza, M.; Maghat, H. “Critical of linear and nonlinear equations of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models”. Karbala Int. J. Modern Science, 2018, 4(2), 244-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kijoms.2018.04.001
Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Lu, S.; Huang, J.; Zhang, M.; Buekens, A.; Li, X.; Yan J. “Chlorophenols in municipal solid waste incineration: a review”. Chem. Eng. J., 2016, 292, 398-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.01.102
Simonin, J.-P. “On the comparison of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate laws in the modeling of adsorption kinetics”. Chem. Eng. J., 2016, 300, 254-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.079
Simonova, V.V.; Tamarkina, Yu.V.; Kucherenko, V.A.; Shendrik T.G. “Adsorption of lead ions by nanoporous materials prepared by brown coal alkali activation”. J. SibFU. Chemistry, 2012, 5(1), 113-122. DOI: http://elib.sfu-kras.ru/handle/2311/2848
Tamarkina, Yu.V.; Kucherenko, V.A.; Shendrik, T.G. “Alkaline activation of coals and carbon-base materials”. Solid Fuel Chemistry, 2014, 48(4), 251-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0361521914040119
Таmarkina, Yu.V.; Anishchenko, V.M.; Red’ko A.M.; Кucherenko, V.A. “Adsorption properties of coal activated with potassium hydroxide. Influence of coal rank” Himiya, Fizika ta Tehnologiya Poverhni, 2020, 11(2), 175-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp11.02.175
Termoul, M.; Bestani, B.; Benderdouche, N.; Belhakem, M.; Naffrechoux E. “Removal of phenol and 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions by olive stone-based activated carbon”. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 2006, 24(5), 375-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1260/026361706779849780
Wu, F.-C.; Tseng, R.-L.; Hu, C.-C. “Comparisons of pore properties and adsorption performance of KOH-activated and steam-activated carbons”. Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2005, 80(1-3), 95-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.12.005
Wu F.-C.; Wu, P.-H.; Tseng, R.-L.; Juang R.-S. “Preparation of activated carbons from unburnt coal in bottom ash with KOH activation for liquid-phase adsorption”. J. Environ. Manage., 2010, 91(5), 1097-1102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.011
Wu, F.-C.; Wu, P.-H.; Tseng, R.-L.; Juang, R.-S. “Preparation of novel activated carbons from H2SO4-рretreated corncob hulls with KOH activation for quick adsorption of dye and 4-chlorophenol”. J. Environ. Manage., 2011, 9(3), 708-713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.003
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Юлія Тамаркіна, Володимир Кучеренко, Ірина Фролова
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The ownership of copyright remains with the Authors.
Authors may use their own material in other publications provided that the Journal is acknowledged as the original place of publication and National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” as the Publisher.
Authors are reminded that it is their responsibility to comply with copyright laws. It is essential to ensure that no part of the text or illustrations have appeared or are due to appear in other publications, without prior permission from the copyright holder.
WPT articles are published under Creative Commons licence:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. The use of the material for commercial purposes is not permitted.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
